日期:2023-01-13 阅读量:0次 所属栏目:教育理论
Application Value of Self Management and Health Education in the Health Behavior and the Rehabilitation of Patients with COPD/ZHI Yu-yuan.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(14):127-130
【Abstract】 Objective:To study the application value of self management and health education in health behavior and the rehabilitation of patients with COPD.Method:From January 2015 to February 2016,75 cases of COPD patients treated in our hospital were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method.The control group had 37 cases,while the observation group had 38 examples.The control group was given routine health education,which was a health education guidance,while the observation group was implemented the self-management and health education,which through the formation of a multidisciplinary team for patient education,the education projects mainly include disease correct understanding,symptom management,emotion management and daily life management.All the patients were intervened 3 months,St George’s respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ),the measurement of health behavior scale(HPL) and self care ability measurement scale(ESCA) on the patients were evaluated.Result:After the intervention,the scores of the respiratory symptoms,disease impact,restricted movement in the observation group were respectively (41.01±7.72),(40.93±9.04),(44.25±8.96),were all lower than those of the control group(47.31±9.26),(48.26±9.34),(51.26±10.49),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of the physical activity,psychological health,health responsibility,interpersonal relationship,nutrition,stress management in the observation group were(22.54±3.86),(23.10±3.12),(28.14±7.49),(24.15±5.76),(18.15±4.12),(28.19±7.28),were all higher than those of the control group(14.89±3.67),(13.99±3.56),(19.12±6.87),(17.14±4.56),(12.98±3.91),(21.02±6.30),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of the self-responsibility,self-care ability,self-concept,self-care skills,the level of health knowledge in the observation group were (47.10±7.35),(106.45±16.04),(20.02±2.91),(28.14±5.81),(21.20±4.30) respectively,were all higher than those of the control group(39.14±6.71),(96.10±12.59),(18.06±2.11),(25.68±5.81),(19.04±4.19),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Strengthen the self-management and health education for the patients with COPD,well make sense to improve their self-care ability,promote the effective implementation of the health behavior,improve the quality of life and accelerate the rehabilitation. 本次研究对患者加强自我管理与健康教育后,观察组患者的躯体活动、健康责任感、人际关系、心理健康、压力管理以及健康行为总分等方面均优于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明自我管理与健康教育能够提升患者的健康行为。在对患者进行管理的过程中,护理服务成功与否在很大程度上取决于提供服务的项目,项目应结合护理实践的相关知识,重在关注患者及其家属的真正需求[10]。自我管理与健康教育属于护理人员教导给患者一种正确认识自我疾病的方法指导其应对各种事件[11],如急性发作期间缓解症状的措施、吸入药物的正确途径以及治疗过程中的注意事项等[12],日常生活中对患者进行适度的锻炼,如组织病友共同分享经验、观看教育宣传片等[13]。护理人员的教育与鼓励、家属的监督,有利于环境、个体、行为等三个变量进行相互促进,保证患者健康[14]。
据相关研究资料表明,COPD控制成功与否很大程度上取决于有效的自我管理[15]。国内有关研究人员对自我护理能力的解释为:不断对自身需求进行满足以维持和改善正常的生命进程,属于后天学习而获得的可受个体身心状况及外界环境因素影响的一种能力[16-18]。本研究中观察组患者的自我护理能力明显优于对照组,表明自我护理能力更高的患者健康行为也更高,同时良好的健康行为又有利于自我护理能力的养成。
对COPD患者开展康复治疗,第一步便是对其进行健康教育[19]。患者自我管理能力水平的高低将直接决定康复效果[20]。为有效提升患者的自我管理水平,促进其更好地自我管理疾病,护理人员需首先对患者开展检测和整体评估以预防及避免疾病的相关危险因素[21]。通过采取系统化、个体化、多方位的健康教育,指导患者有效地开展自我管理[22]。除此之外,护理人员还需采取针对性措施以帮助患者最大化地自我管理以更好地适应心理及生理变化[23]。据有关资料显示,对COPD患者开展自我管理与教育可以有效缓解其呼吸困难症状并显著提升其运动耐力,提升其生活质量[24-25]。
综上所述,加强COPD患者自我管理与健康教育,能够明显提高其自我护理能力、促进其有效实施健康行为,对提高其生活质量,促进其康复,值得临床上推广及应用。
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