动词的时态语态的考点归纳的特征分析

　一、考点归纳
　　七年来动词的时态每年都有一道题，而关于动词的语态，只有2009年考过一次。
　　重点掌握以下八种时态及其被动语态：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时。
　　二、解法指导
　　在语法填空的给词题中，先判断所在句子有没有谓语动词，如果没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，就是填谓语动词，这时就要根据语境考虑时态和语态，我们可以称之为“变态”，即转变这个所给动词的时态和语态。
　　[例1]（2008广东高考） Being too anxious to help an event develop often __________（result）in the contrary to our intention.
　　解析：句中无谓语，故result应作谓语；又从always可知，此时应该用一般现在时；又因主语是V-ing短语，为单数概念，所以此题的答案应该是results.
　　[例 2]（2009广东高考） Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane __________ （inform）.
　　解析：句中无谓语，inform应为谓语动词；又因Jane与inform是被动关系，即“Jane被告知”，所以用被动语态；由上句谓语动词was可知，用一般过去时；故inform应为一般过去时的被动语态，填was informed。
　　[例3]（2011广东高考） He__________ （pretend） that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
　　解析：主句无谓语，所以pretend 应该作主句的谓语；又由与之并列的giving可知，这里应是过去进行时，故填was pretending。
　　[例4]（2013广东高考）Suddenly，he __________ （find） that he had run out of salt.
　　解析：主句无谓语动词，所以find作谓语动词；又因为从句的谓语是过去完成时，所以此时主句的谓语应该用一般过去时，故填found。
　　三、即时练习
　　用所给动词的正确形式填空。
　　How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years？It 1 （take）me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question. When Dad first quit drinking， the whole family was on pins and needles（坐立不安）every time he got into a situation that，in the past，would have started him drinking again. For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 2 （begin）again.
　　“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to five times a day，”was Dad’s reply to my 18-year-old unasked question. And then he 3 （share）the poem with me.
　　About a month after this talk with my father，when I
　　4 （have）a rest， I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine. It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.
　　It 5 （be）my experience that when you 6
　　（get）something with days of the year on it，you 7 （ turn）to the page that lists your own birthday.
　　I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me. There，on my birthday，was the exact same poem that 8 （help）my father for all these years！It 9 （call）the Serenity Prayer.
　　答案与解析
　　本文讲的是一位十八岁的儿子鼓起勇气问出了近二十年来怀揣的关于父亲如何戒酒成功的问题，最后从一本朋友送的书上在自己生日对应的那一页看到了父亲戒酒期间鼓励自己的祷告，体现了父亲为了儿子而戒烟的浓浓的父爱。
　　1. took 从下文“For a few years we were afraid to...”的“was”可知，此处应该用一般过去时。
　　2. would begin 从句无谓语动词，且从上文“we were afraid”可知，此处缺少一个表示过去将来的谓语动词。
　　3. shared 本句无谓语动词，share应为谓语动词，从上文的时间副词 then 可知，此处应为一般过去时。
　　4. was having在when 引起的时间状语从句中无谓语动词，故have应是谓语动词，又从主句的谓语动词received可知，当时作者应该是正在休息，故用过去进行时。
　　5. has been因be在主句中作谓语又由“ my experience”可知，这样的事情已经发生多次，已成经验，故用完成时态。
　　6. get这里表达的是一件经常发生的事情，故用一般现在时。
　　7. will turn在when引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词get用一般现在时，主句就会用一般将来时。
　　8. had helped因help在定语从句中作谓语，由主句谓语动词的时态和for all these years可知，要用过去完成时。
　　9. is called 因call在句中作谓语；而it与call之间是被动关系；文中讲的是书名，应为客观存在的事实，故答案为is called。
　　（作者单位：广东第二师范学院番禺附属中学）