日期:2023-01-12 阅读量:0次 所属栏目:基础医学
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical effect Pain and Diarrhea Formula hot package treating infantile diarrhea with spleen deficiency and dampness-trapped type. Methods From January 2017 to March 2018, 100 infantile diarrhea patients with spleen deficiency and dampness-trapped type treated in our hospital were selected as study objects. They were divided into the control group and observation group according to random control method, and there were 50 cases in each group. Both groups were given symptomatic treatment by routine western medicine, and the observation group was given auxiliary treatment of Pain and Diarrhea Formula hot package. The score of TCM symptoms, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions in the course of treatment were observed before and after treatment in the two groups, and the therapeutic effect was compared between the two groups. Results After 3 and 7 days treatment, the score of TCM symptoms in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the score of TCM symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 3 and 7 days treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The therapeutic effect of the observation group were better than those of the control group after 3 and 7 days treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no adverse reactions during the treatment of the two groups. Conclusion Clinical effect of Pain and Diarrhea Formula hot package treating infantile diarrhea with spleen deficiency and dampness-trapped type is significant,and it can significantly shorten the improvement time of clinical symptoms in children, and is worthy of promotion.
[Key words] Pain and Diarrhea Formula; Hot package; Spleen deficiency and dampness-trapped; Infantile diarrhea
小兒腹泻是儿科的常见病,为多种病原、多种因素引起的以大便次数增多和大便性状改变为特点的疾病,在我国小儿中属于第二位常见多发病[1-2]。临床小儿腹泻病多见反复泄泻、呕吐、腹痛、拒食、哭闹不安等症状。中医认为“小儿肝常有余,脾常不足”,因婴幼儿脾胃虚弱,易感外邪、伤于乳食或脾肾气阳亏虚等,均可导致脾病湿盛而泄泻[3]。本研究选取本院收治的脾虚湿困型小儿腹泻患儿,观察痛泻要方热奄包辅助治疗脾虚湿困型小儿腹泻的临床效果,现报道如下。 1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取我院2017年1月~2018年3月收治的100例脾虚湿困型小儿腹泻病患儿为研究对象,按照随机对照方法分为对照组(50例)及观察组(50例)。对照组中,男31例,女19例;年龄6~84个月,平均(15.36±14.91)个月;病程为1~10 d,平均(5.07±7.83)d;病情分类:轻型18例,中型32例。观察组中,男33例,女17例;年齡6~84个月,平均(14.63±13.19)个月;病程1~10 d,平均(5.43±7.27)d;病情分类:轻型16例,中型34例。两组患者的性别、年龄、病程、病程轻重等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经过医院医学伦理委员会审核批准。
1.2诊断标准
西医诊断标准根据腹泻病程、大便性状、大便镜检、发病季节、发病年龄及流行情况,参照《中国腹泻病诊断治疗方案》《儿童腹泻病诊断治疗原则的专家共识》制定的小儿腹泻病诊断标准[2,4]。出现下列症状可诊断为小儿腹泻病:大便性状有改变,呈稀便、水样便、黏液便或脓血便;大便次数比平时增多。
中医脾虚湿困型小儿腹泻诊断标准参照《中医儿科学》制定脾虚湿困证诊断标准[3]。①主症:大便稀溏;大便次数增多(每天≥3次)。②次症:肢体困倦;神疲;食欲不振;面色少华。舌脉指纹:舌淡、苔白腻,脉无力或濡,指纹淡。主症必备,次症中具备2项及以上,参考舌象、脉象即可诊断。
1.3 纳入标准
①符合小儿腹泻病的西医诊断标准及中医脾虚湿困证辨证标准者;②年龄为6个月~12岁;③患儿家属均自愿入组并签署知情同意书。
1.4 排除标准
①霍乱、痢疾或其他侵袭性细菌所致的肠炎(脓血便);②其他非感染性腹泻如食饵性腹泻、症状性腹泻、糖源性腹泻、过敏性腹泻、非特异性溃疡性结肠炎;③重型腹泻、营养不良和免疫缺陷患儿;④合并严重心、肝、肾、消化及造血系统等严重原发病的患儿;对试验用药过敏或过敏体质者;④1个月内参加过其他临床试验者。
1.5治疗方法
两组均给予补液、保护胃肠黏膜、补充肠道益生菌等西医常规对症治疗。观察组在西医常规治疗基础上给予本院自制的痛泻要方热奄包治疗。具体操作方法:取痛泻要方原方陈皮、白术、白芍、防风各40 g,将药材打碎后制成中药热奄包。每次操作前将痛泻要方热奄包加热好,放置于患儿神阙穴30 min,通过热奄包的热蒸汽扩张局部的毛细血管,加速血液循环,利用其温热作用达到补脾柔肝、祛湿止泻之功效。两组治疗观察疗程均为7 d。
1.6观察指标
1.6.1生物学指标 ①人口学特征:性别、年龄;②生命体征:体温、心率、呼吸。
1.6.2疗效指标 大便次数、大便性状、大便常规。
1.6.3中医症状积分 以《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》[5]中小儿泄泻症状分级量化表为依据,包括大便次数、大便性状、呕吐、腹痛、腹胀、发热、脱水、食量、恶心欲呕、嗳气、神疲倦怠、面色少华、易惊多汗、舌质舌苔(舌淡、苔白腻)、脉象指纹(脉无力或濡,指纹淡)。比较两组治疗前后的中医症状积分。
1.7效果评价标准
疗效评价标准参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》[5],临床疗效判定标准如下。显效:粪便性状及次数恢复正常,全身症状消失;有效:粪便性状及次数明显好转,全身症状明显改善;无效:粪便性状、次数及全身症状均无好转甚至恶化。
1.8统计学方法
数据采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行分析,符合正态分布的计量资料采用t检验,不符合正态分布的计量资料采用非参数检验;计数资料用率表示,采用χ2检验;等级资料采用秩和检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患儿治疗前后中医症状积分的比较
2.2两组患儿治疗3、7 d后治疗效果的比较
2.3两组的不良反应发生情况
两组治疗前后无不良反应发生,血常规、尿常规、大便常规无明显改变,其中采用痛泻要方热奄包治疗的患儿局部皮肤无损害。
3讨论
小儿腹泻是儿科的常见病,是儿童营养不良的重要原因,中西医结合治疗已成为发展趋势,具有优势互补的作用[6-9]。《幼科发挥·五脏虚实补泻之法》中说:“肝常有余,脾常不足者,此却是本脏之气也,盖肝乃少阳之气,人之初生,如木之方萌,乃少阳生长之气,以渐儿壮,故有余也”。因小儿脾胃虚弱,易感外邪而发病,脾虚湿困证是小儿腹泻的常见证型。故小儿疾病的用药,应以调、运、平为主[10]。中药热奄包疗法是通过奄包的热蒸汽使局部的毛细血管扩张,血液循环加速,利用其温热达到温经通络、调和气血、祛湿散寒为目的的一种外治方法。脐为任脉要穴“神阙穴”所在,又为冲脉循行之处,为任脉之总枢。脐的解剖学特征证明脐的表皮角质层最薄,脐周血管丰富,故敏感性高,渗透性强,可通过穴位的刺激,疏通经络,调理气血,调整肠胃功能,以达到祛邪愈病之功能。《医方考》说:“泻责之脾,痛责之肝;肝则之实,脾则之虚,脾虚肝实,故令痛泻”。本病主要由于肝脾不和,致脾胃升降失常,肠道气机不利为主要病机。《黄帝内经素问》曰:“脾病者……虚则腹满肠鸣,飨泄食不化”,“湿盛则濡泻”,脾虚湿困是痛泻患者的主要病理基础。痛泻要方治疗以补脾柔肝,祛湿止泻为主。方中白术苦温,补脾燥湿,为君药。白芍酸寒,柔肝缓急止痛,与白术配伍,为臣药。陈皮辛苦而温,理气燥湿,醒脾和胃,为佐药。防风燥湿以助止泻,为脾经引经药,故为佐使药[11-13]。痛泻要方加减方内服治疗脾虚湿困型的小儿腹泻在临床上疗效满意[14]。但中药味苦甘,患儿年龄小且依从性差,且临床小儿腹泻病多见反复泄泻、呕吐、腹痛、拒食、哭闹不安等症状。中药内服在临床儿科不易实施,中医外治法治疗小儿腹泻的临床效果良好,既可避免儿童服药的不稳定性,又安全卫生[15-19]。但目前针对脾虚湿困型小儿腹泻的中医外治法的相关临床研究尚较匮乏。本研究取“内治之药外治”,以痛泻要方原方制成热奄包用于治疗脾虚湿困型小儿腹泻,通过奄包的热蒸汽使痛泻要方通过神阙穴,起到补脾柔肝、祛湿止泻功效,结果提示本法改善患儿中医症状的效果明显,在取效时间方面具有优势。 综上所述,痛泻要方热奄包治疗脾虚湿困型小儿腹泻既能改善患儿的临床症状,缩短临床治疗时间,又安全可靠,值得在临床工作中进一步深入研究、探讨。
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