日期:2023-01-12 阅读量:0次 所属栏目:基础医学
[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)06(a)-0149-04
[Abstract]Objective To explore the risk factors and nursing strategies of pulmonary infection in elderly patients after cardiac intervention.Methods A total of 329 elderly patients were enrolled in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2016 and were divided into infection group (n=22) and non infection group (n=307) according to whether the patients had pulmonary infection after cardiac intervention.The clinical data were retrospective analyzed and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection.Results There were 22 cases of pulmonary infection in 329 patients,the infection rate was 6.69%.There were significant differences in smoking,pulmonary function classification,mental status,time of bed movement and intake of antibiotics after operation between the infection group and non infection group group (P<0.05),whereas there was no significant difference in age,gender,body weight,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,operation mode and cardiac function grade in two grops (P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,pulmonary function classification,mental state,postoperative time of bed movement were the main influencing factors of pulmonary infection after cardiac intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term smoking,poor lung function,depression and anxiety and long-term bed rest are related to pulmonary infection,and corresponding nursing measures should be taken to reduce the risk of pulmonary infection in elderly patients after cardiac intervention.
[Key words]Elderly;Cardiac intervention;Pulmonary infection;Risk factors;Nursing strategies
心脏介入治疗是一种近年来新兴发展起来的心脏手术,该手术具有诊断明确、创伤性小、疗效显著的优点,已成为及药物治疗和外科手术后广泛应用于临床的治疗手段[1]。随着我国人均寿命的增长,人口老龄化的加重,心血管疾病的发生率日益增多,心脏介入术的实施量亦随之增多,据临床统计显示我国年均介入手术实施量可达50万例,同时其带来的不良反应及术后严重并发症引起较高重视[2]。由于老年患者术前存在较多基础疾病加之自身功能退化,抵抗力相对较差,术中创伤及术后合并症的存在使患者术后易产生感染,其中肺部感染是老年患者术后较为严重的并发症,会导致患者预后较差,甚至增加死亡的发生率[3-4]。因此,本研究对我院2014年以来实施心脏介入治疗的老年患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,探讨影响术后肺部感染的危险因素,以期为临床护理提供参考,具体结果报道如下。 针对老年患者心脏介入术后肺部感染的情况及影响因素,主要提出以下护理措施。①心理护理:因此,在术前应采用易懂的语言对患者详细讲解手术的大致过程及术中可能出现的问题,使患者对其有一定的认识并对可能出现的突发事件有一定的心理准备,使其在相对稳定的心理状态下接受治疗[16];术后除常规医药护理外,应及时与患者进行沟通了解患者需求,并及时解答疑惑,增加患者安全感,有效缩短患者术后恢复时间[17]。②改善术前肺功能:术前应督促患者戒烟,同时在身体状况允许的情况下进行一些吹气球、打太极拳等能够提高肺活量改善肺功能的锻炼,在必要时行雾化吸入,减少术后肺部感染[18]。③做好卫生管理工作:使用空气消毒净化器及湿度调节设备,保证病房空气及环境的清洁,减少患者与病原菌的接触机会。同时应控制探访人员流通量,避免外源性感染。④生命体征监测:术后密切关注患者的临床症状变化,监测动脉血气情况及静脉压变化,出现不适时立即与主治医师沟通,做到及早发现及早采取治疗措施,避免并发症的发生。⑤合理用药:定期采集患者痰样本进行细菌培养,并根据个体情况适量服用抗生素,但需避免长期服用,以避免耐药菌的产生[19]。⑥营养支持:术前指导患者改善饮食,提高高维生素、高蛋白、易吸收食物的摄入,术后及时给予营养支持,营养状况较差的情况下可静脉输注氨基酸、维生素,注射球蛋白等,增强体质,快速改善免疫功能[20]。⑦缩短卧床时间:术后及时了解患者病情,并及时与患者及家属沟通,在身体状况允许情况下,指导患者采用正确的方式进行适量运动,增强抵抗力。
综上所述,心脏介入术是一种相对较为安全的手术,但老年患者作为特殊易感群体,术后存在较高的肺部感染率,且受多种因素影响,在手术前后除医嘱用药外应及时采取相应护理干预,降低并发症的发生,提高患者生命质量。
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